ADRENAL HORMONES

ADRENAL GLANDS:

It is also called as supra renal glands it consist of two parts.

Adrenal cortex

adrenal medulla

Adrenal cortex Consist of three layers

Zona Glumelulosa (Minralocorticoids)

Zona Faciculeta (Glucocorticoids)

Zona Reticularis (Sex Steroids)

Mineralocorticoids

It is anti insulin hormone

It is also causes lysis of fat which is called lipolysis after lysis fat converted in to fatty acids and glycerol's , fatty acids  and glycerol send in the blood and increase  its level.

It is also cause the lysis of protein and convert the protein into amino acids.

Glucocorticoid  increase the level of amino acids glucose and fatty acids

2.Glucocorticoids

It is related with a metabolism of glucose

It is a catabolic hormone

It destroy the glycogen which is called glycogenolysis and send the glucose in to the blood and increases the level of blood  glucose, (generation of glucose from non carbohydrate source which is called gluconeogenesis), due to the gluconeogenesis blood glucose also increses.

It is anti insulin hormone

It is also causes lysis of fat which is called lipolysis after lysis fat converted in to fatty acids and glycerol's , fatty acids  and glycerol send in the blood and increase  its level.

It is also cause the lysis of protein and convert the protein into amino acids.

Glucocorticoid  increase the level of amino acids glucose and fatty acids

It is a anti inflammatory

It is anti allergic

It is immunosuppressive

It is helpful in rbc production

3.SEX HORMONES 

It is also gonadocorticoids

In male

Androgen

In females

Oestrogen

It leads to the development of..

Axillary hairs

Pubic hairs

Moustaches, beard

DISEASES

1.Addison disease

it is the deficiency of aldosterone hormone

2.  Gynecomastia Disease

It is excess of oestrogen in males

3.  Adrenal virilism Disease

It is the excess of androgen in females

4.  Cushing Disease

It is the excess of glucocorticoids

 ADRENAL MEDULLA 

It is a ectodermal in origin

It release Hormone medulla epinephrine , non epinephrine (MEN),

it is a 3 F gland (Fight, flight, fright)

The combine form of epinephrine and non epinephrine catecholamine

It increase the sympathetic activities of the body, parasympathetic work opposite to the sympathetic.

 ADDISON'S DISEASE 

Overview

Addison's disease is a disorder that occurs when your body produces insufficient amounts of certain hormones produced by your adrenal glands. In Addison's disease, your adrenal glands produce too little cortisol and often insufficient levels of aldosterone as well.

 CAUSES

Also called adrenal insufficiency, Addison's disease occurs in all age groups and affects both sexes. Addison's disease can be life-threatening

 SYMPTOMS

Extreme fatigue

Weight loss and decreased appetite

Darkening of your skin (hyperpigmentation)

Low blood pressure

Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)

Nausea, diarrhea or vomiting

Abdominal pain

 Muscle or joint pains

Irritability

Depression

Body hair loss

DIAGNOSES 

Addison's disease results when your adrenal glands are damaged, producing insufficient amounts of the hormone cortisol and often aldosterone as well. These glands are located just above your kidneys. As part of your endocrine system, they produce hormones that give instructions to virtually every organ and tissue in your body.

Blood test.

Measuring your blood levels of sodium, potassium, cortisol and ACTH gives your doctor an initial indication of whether adrenal insufficiency may be causing your signs and symptoms. A blood test can also measure antibodies associated with autoimmune Addison's disease.

ACTH stimulation test

. This test involves measuring the level of cortisol in your blood before and after an injection of synthetic ACTH. ACTH signals your adrenal glands to produce cortisol. If your adrenal glands are damaged, the ACTH stimulation test shows that your output of cortisol in response to synthetic ACTH is limited or nonexistent

Insulin-induced hypoglycemia test & imaging test may also be required

 TREATMENT 

treatment for Addison's disease involves hormone replacement therapy to correct the levels of steroid hormones your body isn't producing. Some options for treatment include:

Oral corticosteroids: Hydrocortisone (Cortef), prednisone or cortisone acetate may be used to replace cortisol. Your doctor may prescribe fludrocortisone to replace aldosteids

Corticosteroid injections:

If you're ill with vomiting and can't retain oral medications, injections may be needed.